Early English Printed Sermons


A godlie, zealous, and profitable sermon vpon the second chapter of Saint Iames. Preached at London, by Master George Gifford, and published at the request of sundry godly and well disposed persons

Gifford, George, d. 1620
Publisher: By Thomas East for Tobie Cooke dwelling at the Tigers head in Paules Churchyard
Place of Publication: London
Publication Year: 1582
Approximate Era: Elizabeth
TCP ID: A01727 ESTC ID: S108636 STC ID: 11860
Subject Headings: Sermons, English -- 16th century;
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Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 5.4% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 3.7% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 74.3% 100.0%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 6.5% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 6.3% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.86
Evenness: 0.974
Part Prominence
New Testament (Geneva) 8.942
New Testament (ODRV) 8.862
New Testament (Vulgate) 5.191
Old Testament (ODRV) 3.631
Old Testament (Geneva) 0.065
New Testament (Tyndale) -0.022
Old Testament (AKJV) -2.046
New Testament (AKJV) -2.428
Diversity: 0.979
Evenness: 0.995
Book Prominence
James (Geneva) 3.424
James (ODRV) 3.387
Galatians (ODRV) 3.261
Titus (Tyndale) 1.79
1 John (Vulgate) 1.777
Amos (Geneva) 1.757
Amos (AKJV) 1.724
Titus (Geneva) 1.711
James (Tyndale) 1.685
2 Timothy (ODRV) 1.662
Leviticus (AKJV) 1.648
Colossians (ODRV) 1.509
Galatians (Tyndale) 1.508
1 Peter (ODRV) 1.489
2 Corinthians (Tyndale) 1.48
1 John (Tyndale) 1.474
1 John (Geneva) 1.462
Galatians (Geneva) 1.44
Ephesians (Tyndale) 1.439
Colossians (AKJV) 1.416
2 Timothy (AKJV) 1.391
Genesis (ODRV) 1.377
Genesis (Geneva) 1.312
James (AKJV) 1.277
Galatians (AKJV) 1.251
Hebrews (Geneva) 1.181
2 Corinthians (ODRV) 1.168
Philippians (AKJV) 1.161
Luke (Tyndale) 1.148
Ephesians (Geneva) 1.121
John (Geneva) 1.053
John (Tyndale) 1.046
Genesis (AKJV) 1.025
Luke (Geneva) 1.024
Isaiah (Geneva) 1.017
Proverbs (Geneva) 0.993
Ephesians (AKJV) 0.972
Romans (Tyndale) 0.936
John (ODRV) 0.868
Matthew (Geneva) 0.761
John (AKJV) 0.739
Luke (AKJV) 0.725
Psalms (ODRV) 0.713
Romans (ODRV) 0.673
Matthew (ODRV) 0.51
Romans (Geneva) 0.463
Matthew (AKJV) 0.409
Psalms (Geneva) 0.108
Romans (AKJV) 0.08
Diversity: 0.985
Evenness: 0.994
Chapter Prominence
Romans 4 (Tyndale) 2.615
James 2 (Geneva) 2.612
Galatians 2 (ODRV) 2.608
Matthew 7 (Geneva) 2.581
James 2 (ODRV) 2.564
Leviticus 9 (AKJV) 1.332
Genesis 21 (Geneva) 1.327
Genesis 22 (ODRV) 1.327
1 John 4 (Vulgate) 1.319
Amos 8 (Geneva) 1.319
Genesis 22 (Geneva) 1.316
John 21 (Tyndale) 1.316
Psalms 68 (ODRV) 1.315
Amos 8 (AKJV) 1.315
Isaiah 44 (Geneva) 1.312
2 Corinthians 8 (ODRV) 1.306
Luke 14 (AKJV) 1.306
Proverbs 18 (Geneva) 1.306
Luke 18 (Geneva) 1.3
Luke 17 (Tyndale) 1.298
Ephesians 6 (Tyndale) 1.293
Titus 1 (Tyndale) 1.292
Titus 3 (Geneva) 1.291
Colossians 1 (ODRV) 1.29
Psalms 78 (Geneva) 1.286
John 15 (ODRV) 1.286
2 Timothy 2 (ODRV) 1.282
John 8 (Geneva) 1.281
Romans 9 (Geneva) 1.28
Genesis 3 (AKJV) 1.276
James 2 (Tyndale) 1.275
John 11 (AKJV) 1.274
Romans 5 (Geneva) 1.273
Matthew 12 (Geneva) 1.271
Galatians 3 (Tyndale) 1.27
Matthew 12 (AKJV) 1.268
John 8 (Tyndale) 1.268
John 12 (AKJV) 1.261
Romans 4 (Geneva) 1.26
Galatians 3 (ODRV) 1.259
Galatians 3 (Geneva) 1.257
Matthew 12 (ODRV) 1.256
Romans 2 (Tyndale) 1.254
John 10 (ODRV) 1.252
Galatians 5 (Tyndale) 1.249
Luke 16 (AKJV) 1.246
2 Corinthians 5 (Tyndale) 1.244
John 8 (ODRV) 1.243
Ephesians 6 (AKJV) 1.243
Luke 12 (Geneva) 1.24
Colossians 2 (AKJV) 1.24
Romans 3 (Tyndale) 1.236
1 John 3 (Tyndale) 1.235
Romans 10 (AKJV) 1.234
Hebrews 11 (Geneva) 1.231
Galatians 3 (AKJV) 1.229
James 3 (AKJV) 1.229
Matthew 24 (AKJV) 1.224
Romans 12 (Geneva) 1.218
1 John 3 (Geneva) 1.214
1 Peter 2 (ODRV) 1.212
James 2 (AKJV) 1.211
Romans 3 (ODRV) 1.209
2 Timothy 2 (AKJV) 1.193
Matthew 5 (Geneva) 1.188
Philippians 3 (AKJV) 1.182
Matthew 5 (AKJV) 1.152
Romans 6 (AKJV) 1.13
Matthew 5 (ODRV) 1.117
Ephesians 4 (Geneva) 1.075
Diversity: 0.984
Evenness: 0.965
Verse Prominence
James 2.14 (Geneva) 5.504
James 2.14 (AKJV) 4.712
James 2.17 (ODRV) 3.135
James 2.25 (ODRV) 2.361
James 2.19 (ODRV) 2.357
James 2.18 (Tyndale) 2.352
James 2.17 (AKJV) 2.339
James 2.18 (Geneva) 1.574
James 2.21 (ODRV) 1.572
Romans 4.12 (Tyndale) 1.571
James 2.22 (Geneva) 1.57
Matthew 7.18 (Geneva) 1.568
James 2.24 (ODRV) 1.565
James 2.17 (Geneva) 1.565
Galatians 2.16 (ODRV) 1.552
James 2.26 (ODRV) 1.552
Leviticus 9.13 (AKJV) 0.787
James 2.25 (Tyndale) 0.787
James 2.15 (Tyndale) 0.787
Psalms 68.25 (ODRV) 0.787
James 2.20 (Geneva) 0.787
Genesis 22.10 (ODRV) 0.787
John 8.40 (Geneva) 0.787
Amos 8.13 (Geneva) 0.787
Ephesians 6.4 (Tyndale) 0.787
Romans 2.24 (Tyndale) 0.787
Luke 12.33 (Geneva) 0.786
James 2.16 (Geneva) 0.786
Proverbs 18.24 (Geneva) 0.786
Colossians 1.8 (ODRV) 0.786
Romans 12.9 (Geneva) 0.785
Romans 10.5 (AKJV) 0.785
Matthew 12.33 (ODRV) 0.785
James 3.11 (AKJV) 0.785
Genesis 21.7 (Geneva) 0.785
Hebrews 11.18 (Geneva) 0.785
Genesis 3.4 (AKJV) 0.785
Galatians 3.6 (Geneva) 0.785
2 Corinthians 8.21 (ODRV) 0.785
Titus 3.7 (Geneva) 0.785
Luke 14.27 (AKJV) 0.785
2 Timothy 2.16 (ODRV) 0.785
James 2.24 (AKJV) 0.784
1 John 4.20 (Vulgate) 0.784
James 2.24 (Tyndale) 0.784
Romans 9.32 (Geneva) 0.784
James 2.16 (AKJV) 0.784
James 2.14 (Tyndale) 0.784
Amos 8.12 (AKJV) 0.784
1 John 3.17 (Geneva) 0.784
Galatians 3.7 (AKJV) 0.783
Psalms 78.37 (Geneva) 0.783
James 2.18 (AKJV) 0.783
John 11.14 (AKJV) 0.783
Matthew 12.33 (Geneva) 0.783
1 John 3.7 (Tyndale) 0.783
John 8.43 (Tyndale) 0.783
Luke 16.15 (AKJV) 0.783
Colossians 2.23 (AKJV) 0.783
Genesis 22.10 (Geneva) 0.783
John 15.8 (ODRV) 0.783
1 Peter 2.12 (ODRV) 0.783
John 12.36 (AKJV) 0.782
Matthew 12.33 (AKJV) 0.782
Galatians 3.10 (Geneva) 0.782
Romans 3.4 (Tyndale) 0.782
Romans 4.5 (Geneva) 0.782
John 10.13 (ODRV) 0.782
Luke 17.10 (Tyndale) 0.781
Titus 1.15 (Tyndale) 0.781
John 21.15 (Tyndale) 0.781
Titus 3.14 (Geneva) 0.78
Galatians 3.10 (AKJV) 0.78
Matthew 5.16 (AKJV) 0.78
Matthew 5.16 (Geneva) 0.78
James 2.18 (ODRV) 0.779
Isaiah 44.18 (Geneva) 0.779
Luke 18.8 (Geneva) 0.779
John 8.38 (Tyndale) 0.779
2 Corinthians 5.17 (Tyndale) 0.778
Galatians 5.16 (Tyndale) 0.777
Romans 6.16 (AKJV) 0.777
John 8.44 (ODRV) 0.777
Galatians 3.7 (Geneva) 0.777
Ephesians 6.4 (AKJV) 0.777
Matthew 24.44 (AKJV) 0.776
Galatians 3.9 (ODRV) 0.776
Ephesians 4.24 (Geneva) 0.775
Philippians 3.9 (AKJV) 0.774
Galatians 3.10 (Tyndale) 0.774
Romans 5.1 (Geneva) 0.774
Romans 3.24 (Tyndale) 0.77
Ephesians 4.5 (Geneva) 0.765
2 Timothy 2.26 (AKJV) 0.765
Romans 3.28 (ODRV) 0.756
Matthew 5.17 (ODRV) 0.745
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.666
New Testament 1.805
Diversity: 0.917
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
1 John 6.899
James 6.826
Galatians 6.514
1 Timothy 6.496
Ephesians 6.171
Genesis 5.708
Acts 5.13
John 5.127
Luke 5.115
Romans 4.379
Matthew 4.153
Psalms 3.162
Diversity: 0.95
Evenness: 1.0
Chapter Prominence
Genesis 21 4.955
John 21 4.889
Luke 6 4.858
James 3 4.845
Acts 15 4.842
Romans 4 4.83
Galatians 3 4.803
Psalms 51 4.795
John 8 4.782
John 15 4.779
Matthew 12 4.775
Ephesians 6 4.756
1 Timothy 2 4.747
Matthew 16 4.692
Luke 16 4.682
1 John 3 4.674
Romans 2 4.666
Luke 12 4.628
Ephesians 4 4.536
Matthew 5 4.444
Diversity: 0.944
Evenness: 1.0
Verse Prominence
Luke 6.43 5.554
James 3.11 5.553
John 8.3 5.553
Romans 4.12 5.552
Matthew 12.33 5.546
1 John 3.7 5.546
Romans 2.24 5.546
Luke 16.15 5.544
Genesis 21.12 5.542
Ephesians 6.4 5.542
1 John 3.17 5.541
Luke 12.33 5.54
John 15.8 5.538
Psalms 51.4 5.536
Galatians 3.10 5.535
John 21.15 5.534
1 Timothy 2.5 5.529
Ephesians 4.5 5.522
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase