Levellers

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 13.9% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 10.6% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 69.9% 100.0%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 0.3% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 22.8% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 12.6% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.833
Evenness: 0.921
Part Prominence
New Testament (Geneva) 22.388
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 4.671
Old Testament (ODRV) 1.981
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) -0.177
Old Testament (Geneva) -1.441
New Testament (Tyndale) -1.447
New Testament (ODRV) -2.699
Old Testament (AKJV) -3.527
New Testament (AKJV) -3.725
Diversity: 0.982
Evenness: 0.987
Book Prominence
Luke (Geneva) 4.778
Galatians (AKJV) 2.157
Acts (AKJV) 1.981
Genesis (AKJV) 1.929
Matthew (Geneva) 1.646
Haggai (Douay-Rheims) 1.365
Zechariah (Douay-Rheims) 1.253
Mark (ODRV) 1.207
Titus (Geneva) 1.182
2 Peter (Tyndale) 1.142
2 Timothy (ODRV) 1.117
Deuteronomy (Geneva) 1.017
Philippians (Tyndale) 0.977
Ephesians (Tyndale) 0.972
James (ODRV) 0.971
Hebrews (Tyndale) 0.958
2 Peter (Geneva) 0.955
Galatians (Geneva) 0.938
1 John (ODRV) 0.927
1 Timothy (ODRV) 0.898
1 Timothy (Geneva) 0.896
Jeremiah (Douay-Rheims) 0.891
Acts (Tyndale) 0.884
Colossians (AKJV) 0.883
Acts (Geneva) 0.879
Genesis (ODRV) 0.867
1 Peter (Geneva) 0.841
Revelation (AKJV) 0.824
Genesis (Geneva) 0.821
1 John (AKJV) 0.817
Ephesians (ODRV) 0.78
James (AKJV) 0.776
1 Timothy (AKJV) 0.757
Jeremiah (AKJV) 0.757
Acts (ODRV) 0.704
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 0.7
Hebrews (Geneva) 0.671
2 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.67
Luke (Tyndale) 0.669
Philippians (ODRV) 0.66
1 Peter (AKJV) 0.619
Ecclesiastes (AKJV) 0.594
Proverbs (Douay-Rheims) 0.581
John (Tyndale) 0.572
John (Geneva) 0.551
Isaiah (Douay-Rheims) 0.546
Ephesians (AKJV) 0.52
Isaiah (Geneva) 0.517
Romans (Tyndale) 0.489
Luke (ODRV) 0.472
Matthew (Tyndale) 0.386
John (ODRV) 0.36
Hebrews (AKJV) 0.325
Romans (ODRV) 0.257
John (AKJV) 0.249
Luke (AKJV) 0.232
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.207
Isaiah (AKJV) 0.109
Matthew (ODRV) 0.051
Romans (Geneva) 0.014
Proverbs (AKJV) -0.0
1 Corinthians (AKJV) -0.118
Psalms (Geneva) -0.267
Psalms (AKJV) -1.158
Diversity: 0.988
Evenness: 0.992
Chapter Prominence
Luke 20 (Geneva) 3.943
Acts 3 (AKJV) 1.958
Genesis 27 (AKJV) 1.941
Matthew 10 (Geneva) 1.902
Galatians 3 (AKJV) 1.878
Acts 22 (AKJV) 0.984
Mark 4 (ODRV) 0.983
Ecclesiasticus 24 (Douay-Rheims) 0.983
Haggai 2 (Douay-Rheims) 0.983
Deuteronomy 13 (Geneva) 0.982
Acts 3 (Geneva) 0.981
Acts 7 (Tyndale) 0.98
Psalms 5 (Geneva) 0.98
Luke 4 (Tyndale) 0.979
Proverbs 13 (Douay-Rheims) 0.977
Isaiah 30 (Douay-Rheims) 0.976
Matthew 2 (ODRV) 0.976
Zechariah 7 (Douay-Rheims) 0.975
John 18 (Geneva) 0.974
Jeremiah 6 (Douay-Rheims) 0.971
Genesis 9 (ODRV) 0.97
Jeremiah 22 (AKJV) 0.969
Genesis 9 (Geneva) 0.968
Acts 23 (AKJV) 0.967
Jeremiah 48 (Douay-Rheims) 0.965
Psalms 24 (AKJV) 0.961
Revelation 17 (AKJV) 0.961
2 Corinthians 9 (Geneva) 0.96
Luke 7 (ODRV) 0.956
Luke 20 (AKJV) 0.956
Galatians 1 (Geneva) 0.955
John 16 (Tyndale) 0.952
Jeremiah 8 (AKJV) 0.952
John 7 (Tyndale) 0.951
Ecclesiastes 5 (AKJV) 0.949
2 Timothy 4 (ODRV) 0.949
Hebrews 12 (Tyndale) 0.948
Matthew 27 (Tyndale) 0.946
Isaiah 1 (Douay-Rheims) 0.945
2 Peter 2 (Geneva) 0.945
Titus 3 (Geneva) 0.944
Psalms 10 (AKJV) 0.943
Romans 4 (ODRV) 0.942
Psalms 62 (AKJV) 0.942
John 9 (Geneva) 0.939
Philippians 4 (Tyndale) 0.939
John 8 (Geneva) 0.938
Genesis 9 (AKJV) 0.938
Luke 20 (ODRV) 0.936
Isaiah 40 (Geneva) 0.934
Acts 7 (ODRV) 0.932
2 Peter 2 (Tyndale) 0.931
Proverbs 1 (AKJV) 0.93
Isaiah 59 (AKJV) 0.93
John 8 (Tyndale) 0.929
Philippians 4 (ODRV) 0.928
1 Timothy 1 (ODRV) 0.927
Ephesians 5 (Tyndale) 0.925
Luke 19 (ODRV) 0.924
Proverbs 1 (Douay-Rheims) 0.923
Psalms 139 (AKJV) 0.923
Isaiah 1 (Geneva) 0.92
John 9 (AKJV) 0.917
1 Corinthians 13 (Geneva) 0.914
Romans 3 (Geneva) 0.913
Romans 2 (Tyndale) 0.913
John 8 (AKJV) 0.909
John 1 (Geneva) 0.904
James 4 (AKJV) 0.903
Psalms 116 (Geneva) 0.899
1 Timothy 6 (Geneva) 0.899
1 Corinthians 13 (AKJV) 0.895
Hebrews 13 (Geneva) 0.892
Psalms 2 (AKJV) 0.891
James 2 (ODRV) 0.89
Matthew 25 (Geneva) 0.888
Luke 2 (AKJV) 0.884
1 Corinthians 2 (AKJV) 0.882
1 Corinthians 2 (Geneva) 0.882
1 Peter 1 (Geneva) 0.88
Isaiah 1 (AKJV) 0.877
1 John 3 (ODRV) 0.876
Luke 12 (AKJV) 0.876
John 1 (ODRV) 0.873
2 Corinthians 5 (Geneva) 0.871
1 Timothy 6 (AKJV) 0.858
1 Peter 1 (AKJV) 0.848
Colossians 3 (AKJV) 0.844
Ephesians 5 (ODRV) 0.839
Ephesians 5 (AKJV) 0.834
1 Peter 5 (AKJV) 0.825
1 John 3 (AKJV) 0.821
Romans 8 (ODRV) 0.818
Hebrews 11 (AKJV) 0.788
Diversity: 0.989
Evenness: 0.993
Verse Prominence
Luke 20.14 (Geneva) 3.57
Acts 3.17 (AKJV) 1.783
Genesis 27.41 (AKJV) 1.782
Matthew 10.28 (Geneva) 1.78
Galatians 3.16 (AKJV) 1.773
John 1.25 (ODRV) 0.893
Acts 7.52 (Tyndale) 0.893
Luke 4.4 (Tyndale) 0.893
James 2.11 (ODRV) 0.893
Jeremiah 8.10 (AKJV) 0.893
Luke 7.22 (ODRV) 0.892
Romans 3.16 (Geneva) 0.892
John 18.35 (Geneva) 0.892
John 8.56 (Geneva) 0.892
Acts 3.17 (Geneva) 0.892
Isaiah 30.10 (Douay-Rheims) 0.892
1 John 3.15 (AKJV) 0.892
Deuteronomy 13.9 (Geneva) 0.892
Matthew 2.16 (ODRV) 0.892
Acts 22.22 (AKJV) 0.892
Proverbs 1.19 (AKJV) 0.892
Jeremiah 22.17 (AKJV) 0.892
Luke 20.15 (ODRV) 0.892
Ecclesiasticus 24.28 (Douay-Rheims) 0.892
2 Peter 2.2 (Geneva) 0.892
Galatians 1.9 (Geneva) 0.892
Psalms 139.19 (AKJV) 0.892
Ephesians 5.3 (Tyndale) 0.892
Ephesians 5.3 (ODRV) 0.892
Psalms 5.6 (Geneva) 0.892
Haggai 2.9 (Douay-Rheims) 0.892
Romans 4.13 (ODRV) 0.891
Luke 7.28 (ODRV) 0.891
John 9.41 (Geneva) 0.891
Acts 23.12 (AKJV) 0.891
Luke 20.14 (AKJV) 0.891
Proverbs 1.11 (Douay-Rheims) 0.891
Isaiah 59.7 (AKJV) 0.891
Genesis 9.5 (Geneva) 0.891
Isaiah 1.20 (Geneva) 0.891
Hebrews 12.4 (Tyndale) 0.891
Genesis 9.4 (ODRV) 0.891
Isaiah 40.4 (Geneva) 0.891
2 Corinthians 9.11 (Geneva) 0.891
John 7.31 (Tyndale) 0.89
Mark 4.12 (ODRV) 0.89
Acts 7.52 (ODRV) 0.89
Romans 8.5 (ODRV) 0.89
2 Peter 2.14 (Tyndale) 0.89
Isaiah 1.15 (Geneva) 0.89
Isaiah 1.20 (AKJV) 0.89
Psalms 10.3 (AKJV) 0.89
Ephesians 5.5 (AKJV) 0.89
Proverbs 13.7 (Douay-Rheims) 0.89
Hebrews 13.5 (Geneva) 0.89
Zechariah 7.11 (Douay-Rheims) 0.889
James 2.5 (ODRV) 0.889
Ecclesiastes 5.9 (AKJV) 0.888
John 1.10 (Geneva) 0.888
John 9.41 (AKJV) 0.888
Revelation 17.6 (AKJV) 0.888
Matthew 27.25 (Tyndale) 0.888
Ephesians 5.7 (AKJV) 0.888
Isaiah 1.19 (AKJV) 0.888
Jeremiah 6.13 (Douay-Rheims) 0.888
Psalms 2.8 (AKJV) 0.887
1 Corinthians 2.8 (Geneva) 0.887
Isaiah 1.15 (Douay-Rheims) 0.887
1 Timothy 6.9 (Geneva) 0.887
Psalms 62.10 (AKJV) 0.887
Titus 3.14 (Geneva) 0.886
John 8.44 (Tyndale) 0.886
1 Corinthians 2.8 (AKJV) 0.886
1 John 3.12 (ODRV) 0.886
Luke 19.27 (ODRV) 0.886
John 16.2 (Tyndale) 0.885
1 Timothy 6.10 (AKJV) 0.885
Luke 12.31 (AKJV) 0.885
Philippians 4.11 (Tyndale) 0.885
2 Corinthians 5.7 (Geneva) 0.884
Isaiah 1.21 (Geneva) 0.884
1 Timothy 6.9 (AKJV) 0.884
2 Timothy 4.2 (ODRV) 0.883
Psalms 24.1 (AKJV) 0.883
John 8.56 (AKJV) 0.883
1 Timothy 6.8 (AKJV) 0.882
1 Timothy 1.17 (ODRV) 0.882
Luke 2.30 (AKJV) 0.881
1 Peter 5.3 (AKJV) 0.88
Isaiah 1.21 (AKJV) 0.88
Matthew 25.34 (Geneva) 0.879
Jeremiah 48.10 (Douay-Rheims) 0.878
1 Peter 1.4 (AKJV) 0.878
1 Corinthians 13.12 (AKJV) 0.877
Psalms 2.3 (AKJV) 0.875
Romans 2.15 (Tyndale) 0.875
James 4.1 (AKJV) 0.874
1 Timothy 6.6 (AKJV) 0.871
Hebrews 11.1 (AKJV) 0.866
Psalms 116.15 (Geneva) 0.866
Genesis 9.6 (AKJV) 0.866
1 Corinthians 13.12 (Geneva) 0.863
Philippians 4.20 (ODRV) 0.858
1 Peter 1.4 (Geneva) 0.849
Colossians 3.2 (AKJV) 0.827
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.95
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
Haggai 4.708
Micah 4.129
1 John 3.546
1 Timothy 3.202
Galatians 3.174
Ephesians 2.952
Exodus 2.892
Jeremiah 2.761
Revelation 2.723
Genesis 2.542
Hebrews 2.216
Proverbs 2.053
Acts 1.987
John 1.93
Luke 1.898
1 Corinthians 1.784
Isaiah 1.709
Romans 1.269
Matthew 1.171
Psalms -0.034
Diversity: 0.974
Evenness: 1.0
Chapter Prominence
Micah 5 2.603
Jeremiah 48 2.587
Exodus 1 2.578
Psalms 24 2.577
Haggai 2 2.572
Luke 20 2.571
Acts 22 2.566
Genesis 27 2.559
Matthew 2 2.55
Genesis 9 2.549
Jeremiah 8 2.549
Jeremiah 22 2.548
Revelation 17 2.546
Acts 19 2.54
John 18 2.528
Acts 23 2.506
Matthew 14 2.505
Psalms 5 2.505
Acts 3 2.503
Psalms 10 2.499
Genesis 49 2.498
John 7 2.498
Hebrews 1 2.478
Psalms 139 2.476
Acts 7 2.473
Proverbs 1 2.461
Romans 4 2.458
Galatians 3 2.446
Isaiah 5 2.416
John 8 2.416
1 Corinthians 2 2.404
Matthew 11 2.396
Psalms 2 2.385
1 Timothy 6 2.377
Ephesians 5 2.36
Isaiah 1 2.351
John 1 2.347
1 John 3 2.304
Diversity: 0.975
Evenness: 1.0
Verse Prominence
John 7.31 2.499
Jeremiah 8.10 2.499
John 18.35 2.498
Matthew 14.8 2.498
Jeremiah 22.17 2.498
Psalms 139.19 2.498
Haggai 2.8 2.498
Luke 20.14 2.497
Matthew 11.4 2.497
Genesis 9.5 2.497
Exodus 1.16 2.496
Matthew 2.16 2.496
Proverbs 1.11 2.496
Proverbs 1.13 2.496
Acts 3.17 2.495
Acts 19.15 2.494
Micah 5.2 2.494
Genesis 27.41 2.494
Acts 22.22 2.494
Psalms 24.1 2.493
John 1.10 2.492
Acts 23.12 2.492
1 John 3.12 2.491
Isaiah 1.20 2.49
Isaiah 5.7 2.489
Matthew 11.5 2.489
Psalms 2.8 2.488
Romans 4.13 2.488
John 8.56 2.488
Revelation 17.6 2.488
Galatians 3.16 2.487
Ephesians 5.5 2.486
Genesis 9.6 2.485
Isaiah 1.19 2.485
Hebrews 1.2 2.481
1 Timothy 6.10 2.481
1 Corinthians 2.8 2.479
Genesis 49.10 2.479
Jeremiah 48.10 2.477
1 Timothy 6.9 2.474
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase