Early English Printed Sermons


Gilson, Thomas, 1629 or 30-1680

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 12.4% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 9.4% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 76.1% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 0.3% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 16.8% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 6.0% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.3% -inf%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 0.3% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.3% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.2% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.908
Evenness: 0.982
Part Prominence
Old Testament (Wycliffe) 6.515
New Testament (Tyndale) 4.505
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 3.48
Apocrypha (AKJV) 2.422
New Testament (AKJV) 2.227
New Testament (Vulgate) 2.197
Old Testament (ODRV) 0.791
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) -1.367
Old Testament (Geneva) -2.632
New Testament (Geneva) -3.802
New Testament (ODRV) -3.89
Old Testament (AKJV) -4.717
Diversity: 0.984
Evenness: 0.991
Book Prominence
1 Thessalonians (Tyndale) 2.242
Romans (AKJV) 2.106
1 John (AKJV) 1.94
1 Peter (AKJV) 1.743
John (Tyndale) 1.695
Job (AKJV) 1.483
John (AKJV) 1.372
Philemon (ODRV) 1.255
Genesis (Wycliffe) 1.229
Tobit (Douay-Rheims) 1.191
Philippians (Vulgate) 1.156
Canticles (Geneva) 1.09
Canticles (AKJV) 1.009
1 Corinthians (Vulgate) 0.985
1 Thessalonians (Geneva) 0.948
Ecclesiastes (Douay-Rheims) 0.861
Colossians (ODRV) 0.86
Revelation (Tyndale) 0.851
Philippians (Geneva) 0.849
Philippians (Tyndale) 0.834
James (ODRV) 0.829
1 John (Tyndale) 0.823
1 John (Geneva) 0.818
Hebrews (Tyndale) 0.816
2 Peter (AKJV) 0.814
Galatians (Geneva) 0.795
1 John (ODRV) 0.784
Ecclesiastes (Geneva) 0.77
Acts (Tyndale) 0.741
Acts (Geneva) 0.736
Genesis (ODRV) 0.724
Revelation (Geneva) 0.693
2 Timothy (AKJV) 0.667
Ecclesiasticus (AKJV) 0.654
Ephesians (ODRV) 0.637
1 Timothy (AKJV) 0.614
Acts (ODRV) 0.562
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 0.558
Hebrews (ODRV) 0.534
2 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.528
Hebrews (Geneva) 0.528
Luke (Tyndale) 0.527
Philippians (ODRV) 0.517
2 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.5
Philippians (AKJV) 0.492
Ephesians (Geneva) 0.484
1 Corinthians (Tyndale) 0.446
Acts (AKJV) 0.43
John (Geneva) 0.409
Ephesians (AKJV) 0.377
Isaiah (Geneva) 0.374
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.367
Romans (Tyndale) 0.347
Luke (ODRV) 0.33
Proverbs (Geneva) 0.318
Matthew (Tyndale) 0.244
John (ODRV) 0.217
Hebrews (AKJV) 0.182
Psalms (ODRV) 0.139
1 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.122
Romans (ODRV) 0.114
Matthew (Geneva) 0.095
Luke (AKJV) 0.089
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.065
Isaiah (AKJV) -0.034
Matthew (ODRV) -0.092
Romans (Geneva) -0.129
Proverbs (AKJV) -0.143
Matthew (AKJV) -0.214
Psalms (Geneva) -0.409
Psalms (AKJV) -1.3
Diversity: 0.992
Evenness: 0.993
Chapter Prominence
Romans 8 (AKJV) 1.762
John 17 (Geneva) 1.357
Job 22 (AKJV) 1.35
1 Thessalonians 4 (Tyndale) 1.342
John 14 (Tyndale) 1.341
Luke 23 (ODRV) 1.332
Psalms 27 (AKJV) 1.33
John 14 (AKJV) 1.317
Isaiah 26 (AKJV) 1.315
1 Peter 3 (AKJV) 1.307
John 3 (Geneva) 1.282
2 Timothy 2 (AKJV) 1.242
1 John 3 (AKJV) 1.229
Genesis 29 (Wycliffe) 0.699
Philemon 1 (ODRV) 0.694
Job 24 (AKJV) 0.693
Canticles 3 (Geneva) 0.691
Psalms 72 (ODRV) 0.69
Tobit 4 (Douay-Rheims) 0.689
Ecclesiasticus 37 (Douay-Rheims) 0.688
Ecclesiasticus 23 (AKJV) 0.684
1 Thessalonians 2 (Geneva) 0.684
Acts 1 (Geneva) 0.682
Acts 3 (AKJV) 0.677
Ecclesiastes 2 (Geneva) 0.676
Acts 1 (Tyndale) 0.672
Ecclesiastes 11 (Douay-Rheims) 0.672
Acts 19 (ODRV) 0.672
Psalms 45 (Geneva) 0.671
Matthew 28 (Tyndale) 0.671
Psalms 17 (AKJV) 0.67
Canticles 5 (AKJV) 0.67
Psalms 107 (Geneva) 0.67
1 Corinthians 12 (Vulgate) 0.67
Romans 16 (Tyndale) 0.669
2 Corinthians 9 (Geneva) 0.669
Hebrews 7 (ODRV) 0.666
John 12 (Tyndale) 0.665
Luke 7 (ODRV) 0.665
Luke 23 (Tyndale) 0.665
Job 10 (AKJV) 0.665
Proverbs 14 (Geneva) 0.665
Psalms 45 (AKJV) 0.664
Matthew 19 (Geneva) 0.664
Isaiah 53 (Geneva) 0.662
Hebrews 6 (Tyndale) 0.662
Romans 16 (ODRV) 0.66
1 Corinthians 8 (Geneva) 0.66
Revelation 21 (Tyndale) 0.66
Psalms 84 (AKJV) 0.658
Acts 7 (AKJV) 0.658
Isaiah 53 (AKJV) 0.656
Psalms 91 (AKJV) 0.656
Revelation 21 (Geneva) 0.656
1 Corinthians 6 (ODRV) 0.656
John 12 (Geneva) 0.655
Matthew 19 (ODRV) 0.654
Philippians 1 (Vulgate) 0.654
Psalms 25 (AKJV) 0.653
Matthew 3 (ODRV) 0.652
Psalms 2 (ODRV) 0.651
Proverbs 26 (AKJV) 0.651
Psalms 77 (ODRV) 0.65
John 15 (ODRV) 0.649
2 Corinthians 3 (ODRV) 0.648
Ecclesiasticus 40 (AKJV) 0.648
2 Timothy 1 (AKJV) 0.646
Galatians 4 (Geneva) 0.646
Romans 5 (Geneva) 0.646
Psalms 16 (AKJV) 0.645
Romans 7 (Tyndale) 0.645
Matthew 19 (Tyndale) 0.645
John 12 (ODRV) 0.644
1 John 1 (AKJV) 0.644
John 17 (ODRV) 0.643
Luke 10 (ODRV) 0.64
Matthew 13 (Geneva) 0.638
2 Corinthians 3 (AKJV) 0.635
Luke 19 (ODRV) 0.634
2 Corinthians 3 (Geneva) 0.631
John 17 (AKJV) 0.628
Matthew 10 (Tyndale) 0.626
John 14 (ODRV) 0.625
Ephesians 2 (ODRV) 0.625
John 12 (AKJV) 0.624
Isaiah 40 (AKJV) 0.622
Matthew 11 (AKJV) 0.62
John 15 (AKJV) 0.619
John 8 (AKJV) 0.618
1 Thessalonians 4 (Geneva) 0.617
1 Corinthians 7 (ODRV) 0.617
James 1 (ODRV) 0.617
John 3 (ODRV) 0.616
Genesis 2 (ODRV) 0.61
1 John 3 (Tyndale) 0.603
John 3 (AKJV) 0.602
Matthew 23 (AKJV) 0.601
Psalms 2 (AKJV) 0.6
Matthew 25 (Geneva) 0.597
Romans 7 (AKJV) 0.597
Hebrews 11 (Geneva) 0.595
Luke 2 (AKJV) 0.593
2 Timothy 4 (AKJV) 0.593
Matthew 25 (ODRV) 0.591
1 Timothy 2 (AKJV) 0.59
1 John 3 (Geneva) 0.587
1 John 3 (ODRV) 0.585
Philippians 2 (Geneva) 0.578
Psalms 73 (AKJV) 0.577
Ephesians 2 (Geneva) 0.574
Colossians 3 (ODRV) 0.573
Proverbs 14 (AKJV) 0.573
1 Corinthians 15 (Tyndale) 0.57
Philippians 3 (Tyndale) 0.569
Philippians 3 (ODRV) 0.557
2 Peter 1 (AKJV) 0.552
Ephesians 5 (AKJV) 0.543
2 Corinthians 5 (AKJV) 0.539
Philippians 3 (AKJV) 0.534
Philippians 1 (ODRV) 0.523
Hebrews 10 (AKJV) 0.518
Romans 6 (Geneva) 0.515
Romans 6 (AKJV) 0.509
Philippians 2 (ODRV) 0.503
2 Corinthians 5 (ODRV) 0.485
Philippians 2 (AKJV) 0.483
1 Corinthians 15 (Geneva) 0.438
Psalms 119 (AKJV) 0.436
Ephesians 4 (AKJV) 0.365
Diversity: 0.993
Evenness: 0.993
Verse Prominence
Romans 8.17 (AKJV) 1.745
John 3.29 (Geneva) 1.174
John 14.18 (AKJV) 1.173
Isaiah 26.13 (AKJV) 1.172
Job 22.12 (AKJV) 1.169
John 17.24 (Geneva) 1.169
2 Timothy 2.24 (AKJV) 1.167
John 14.2 (Tyndale) 1.166
Romans 16.18 (ODRV) 1.166
1 Peter 3.22 (AKJV) 1.165
1 Thessalonians 4.17 (Geneva) 1.164
Psalms 27.4 (AKJV) 1.161
John 14.2 (AKJV) 1.159
Luke 23.43 (ODRV) 1.155
1 Thessalonians 4.17 (Tyndale) 1.154
1 John 3.2 (AKJV) 1.136
John 12.21 (ODRV) 0.588
John 12.22 (Tyndale) 0.588
John 12.23 (ODRV) 0.588
Galatians 4.5 (Geneva) 0.588
Philemon 1.23 (ODRV) 0.588
Luke 7.36 (ODRV) 0.588
Acts 3.21 (AKJV) 0.588
Psalms 107.26 (Geneva) 0.588
Psalms 72.23 (ODRV) 0.588
Job 10.17 (AKJV) 0.588
Genesis 29.20 (Wycliffe) 0.588
Acts 19.3 (ODRV) 0.588
Matthew 28.6 (Tyndale) 0.588
Psalms 45.6 (AKJV) 0.587
Romans 6.16 (Geneva) 0.587
John 3.29 (ODRV) 0.587
John 15.11 (ODRV) 0.587
Luke 10.23 (ODRV) 0.587
Ecclesiasticus 23.28 (AKJV) 0.587
Psalms 45.9 (AKJV) 0.587
2 Corinthians 3.18 (AKJV) 0.587
Psalms 45.15 (Geneva) 0.587
Matthew 19.27 (ODRV) 0.587
John 14.19 (ODRV) 0.587
1 Thessalonians 2.20 (Geneva) 0.587
Tobit 4.19 (Douay-Rheims) 0.587
Ecclesiasticus 40.23 (AKJV) 0.586
Psalms 2.2 (ODRV) 0.586
Acts 1.11 (Geneva) 0.586
1 Corinthians 15.24 (Tyndale) 0.586
Psalms 77.36 (ODRV) 0.586
Romans 16.17 (ODRV) 0.586
John 3.29 (AKJV) 0.586
Psalms 91.14 (AKJV) 0.586
Genesis 2.8 (ODRV) 0.586
Revelation 21.23 (Tyndale) 0.586
Canticles 3.11 (Geneva) 0.586
Luke 23.43 (Tyndale) 0.586
John 17.4 (ODRV) 0.586
Acts 7.51 (AKJV) 0.586
Psalms 25.15 (AKJV) 0.586
Ephesians 2.19 (ODRV) 0.586
Job 24.17 (AKJV) 0.586
Acts 3.20 (AKJV) 0.585
1 Corinthians 7.22 (ODRV) 0.585
Psalms 73.6 (AKJV) 0.585
Matthew 23.10 (AKJV) 0.585
Ephesians 2.6 (Geneva) 0.585
Romans 7.12 (AKJV) 0.585
Isaiah 40.1 (AKJV) 0.585
2 Corinthians 3.18 (ODRV) 0.584
Canticles 5.16 (AKJV) 0.584
Proverbs 26.1 (AKJV) 0.584
Revelation 21.22 (Tyndale) 0.584
Revelation 21.23 (Geneva) 0.584
2 Corinthians 9.8 (Geneva) 0.584
Matthew 19.27 (Geneva) 0.584
Ecclesiastes 2.26 (Geneva) 0.584
Hebrews 10.13 (AKJV) 0.583
Ecclesiastes 11.7 (Douay-Rheims) 0.583
1 Corinthians 12.27 (Vulgate) 0.583
Matthew 19.28 (Tyndale) 0.583
Ecclesiasticus 37.25 (Douay-Rheims) 0.582
John 12.26 (Geneva) 0.582
Isaiah 53.5 (Geneva) 0.582
Romans 16.17 (Tyndale) 0.582
Philippians 3.18 (Tyndale) 0.582
Psalms 73.18 (AKJV) 0.582
John 17.24 (ODRV) 0.582
2 Peter 1.14 (AKJV) 0.582
John 12.26 (AKJV) 0.581
Philippians 2.9 (AKJV) 0.581
John 15.14 (AKJV) 0.581
1 Corinthians 8.6 (Geneva) 0.581
John 14.2 (ODRV) 0.581
Matthew 13.43 (Geneva) 0.581
1 Corinthians 6.16 (ODRV) 0.581
2 Timothy 1.12 (AKJV) 0.58
1 Thessalonians 4.18 (Geneva) 0.58
Romans 6.16 (AKJV) 0.58
Acts 1.11 (Tyndale) 0.58
Psalms 119.6 (AKJV) 0.58
Ephesians 4.10 (AKJV) 0.58
Philippians 3.12 (AKJV) 0.58
Psalms 84.2 (AKJV) 0.579
Matthew 11.30 (AKJV) 0.579
Philippians 3.20 (AKJV) 0.579
1 John 3.8 (Tyndale) 0.578
Luke 19.14 (ODRV) 0.578
John 17.24 (AKJV) 0.578
Psalms 2.3 (ODRV) 0.578
Psalms 2.9 (AKJV) 0.578
Luke 2.30 (AKJV) 0.577
Hebrews 7.25 (ODRV) 0.577
Isaiah 53.5 (AKJV) 0.577
Philippians 2.21 (Geneva) 0.577
Psalms 17.15 (AKJV) 0.576
Matthew 3.17 (ODRV) 0.576
Romans 7.24 (Tyndale) 0.576
Hebrews 6.19 (Tyndale) 0.576
Psalms 16.11 (AKJV) 0.575
1 Timothy 2.6 (AKJV) 0.575
Romans 5.1 (Geneva) 0.575
Psalms 73.3 (AKJV) 0.574
Hebrews 11.26 (Geneva) 0.574
Proverbs 14.32 (Geneva) 0.574
John 8.44 (AKJV) 0.573
Psalms 2.6 (AKJV) 0.572
Philippians 3.19 (ODRV) 0.572
James 1.27 (ODRV) 0.572
2 Corinthians 5.7 (AKJV) 0.572
2 Corinthians 5.6 (AKJV) 0.571
1 John 1.3 (AKJV) 0.571
Matthew 10.24 (Tyndale) 0.571
Proverbs 14.32 (AKJV) 0.57
1 Corinthians 15.19 (Geneva) 0.57
Matthew 25.23 (Geneva) 0.569
Ephesians 5.27 (AKJV) 0.569
2 Corinthians 3.18 (Geneva) 0.569
Romans 8.18 (AKJV) 0.569
2 Corinthians 5.21 (AKJV) 0.568
1 John 3.2 (ODRV) 0.567
1 John 3.2 (Geneva) 0.56
Colossians 3.1 (ODRV) 0.56
Matthew 25.41 (ODRV) 0.556
Luke 2.29 (AKJV) 0.553
Philippians 1.23 (Vulgate) 0.553
Philippians 3.21 (Tyndale) 0.551
2 Timothy 4.8 (AKJV) 0.548
Psalms 73.25 (AKJV) 0.546
1 Corinthians 15.53 (Geneva) 0.544
Romans 6.23 (Geneva) 0.543
Romans 6.23 (AKJV) 0.542
Philippians 1.21 (ODRV) 0.54
Philippians 3.20 (ODRV) 0.528
2 Corinthians 5.1 (ODRV) 0.515
Philippians 2.8 (ODRV) 0.486
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.95
Evenness: 0.995
Book Prominence
Romans 5.36
Canticles 3.799
1 Thessalonians 3.358
Colossians 3.138
1 John 3.092
2 Timothy 3.011
Philippians 2.764
Galatians 2.719
1 Peter 2.537
Ephesians 2.497
Job 2.295
Revelation 2.269
2 Corinthians 2.149
Hebrews 1.762
Acts 1.533
John 1.475
Luke 1.444
1 Corinthians 1.329
Isaiah 1.255
Matthew 0.716
Psalms -0.488
Diversity: 0.978
Evenness: 0.998
Chapter Prominence
Romans 8 3.634
Canticles 3 2.037
Canticles 5 2.02
Job 15 2.015
Isaiah 29 2.011
Psalms 84 2.006
Colossians 4 2.004
Psalms 17 2.003
Psalms 91 1.999
Psalms 45 1.981
Psalms 27 1.967
Acts 3 1.955
Romans 16 1.943
2 Corinthians 3 1.938
Isaiah 53 1.922
John 12 1.921
Acts 1 1.92
Isaiah 26 1.915
Psalms 73 1.915
Galatians 1 1.902
Galatians 4 1.892
Psalms 16 1.882
1 Peter 3 1.881
Luke 19 1.873
Matthew 19 1.87
John 8 1.868
Revelation 21 1.868
Hebrews 9 1.866
Colossians 1 1.858
1 Thessalonians 4 1.85
John 17 1.845
Matthew 13 1.842
2 Timothy 4 1.84
Ephesians 2 1.824
Philippians 1 1.814
2 Timothy 2 1.813
Romans 6 1.813
John 14 1.811
John 1 1.799
John 3 1.763
1 John 3 1.756
Matthew 25 1.749
Philippians 2 1.741
Philippians 3 1.724
2 Corinthians 5 1.697
1 Corinthians 15 1.64
Psalms 119 1.559
Diversity: 0.984
Evenness: 0.996
Verse Prominence
Philippians 3.20 2.85
Romans 8.17 2.842
1 John 3.2 2.835
Colossians 4.7 1.448
Job 15.14 1.448
Hebrews 9.20 1.448
Canticles 3.11 1.446
John 3.30 1.445
Psalms 91.14 1.445
Psalms 73.23 1.445
Psalms 45.9 1.445
Canticles 3.3 1.445
Psalms 45.6 1.444
Colossians 1.7 1.444
John 3.29 1.444
1 Peter 3.22 1.444
Revelation 21.22 1.444
John 14.18 1.443
Psalms 84.2 1.442
1 Thessalonians 4.7 1.442
Galatians 4.5 1.44
Matthew 19.27 1.44
Hebrews 9.19 1.439
Ephesians 2.6 1.439
Revelation 21.23 1.438
Galatians 1.10 1.437
Acts 1.11 1.437
John 1.2 1.437
John 17.5 1.437
Philippians 3.18 1.434
John 1.4 1.434
1 Corinthians 15.24 1.433
Romans 6.16 1.433
John 17.4 1.432
Isaiah 53.5 1.431
2 Timothy 2.24 1.431
John 12.26 1.43
Psalms 119.6 1.43
Isaiah 29.13 1.43
Acts 3.21 1.43
2 Corinthians 5.6 1.428
Philippians 2.9 1.427
Philippians 2.8 1.425
Psalms 17.14 1.425
Galatians 4.4 1.423
Psalms 73.25 1.422
1 John 3.8 1.421
Romans 16.18 1.42
Philippians 3.19 1.416
2 Corinthians 3.18 1.416
Psalms 27.4 1.416
John 8.44 1.415
Matthew 13.43 1.415
John 14.2 1.414
Isaiah 26.13 1.413
Matthew 25.41 1.411
John 17.24 1.41
Psalms 16.11 1.407
Luke 19.14 1.406
John 17.3 1.405
Philippians 1.21 1.404
Romans 8.18 1.402
Romans 16.17 1.394
2 Timothy 4.7 1.388
2 Timothy 4.8 1.377
2 Corinthians 5.1 1.377
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase