Early English Printed Sermons


Towers, William, 1617?-1666

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 4
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 3.5% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 2.2% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 91.3% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 0.2% -inf%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 0.3% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 7.4% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 2.4% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.1% -inf%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.1% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 0.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.1% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.1% -inf%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text 0.1% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and italicized foreign text 0.1% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.846
Evenness: 0.892
Part Prominence
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 25.189
Old Testament (ODRV) 4.604
Old Testament (Vulgate) 3.203
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 1.402
Apocrypha (AKJV) 0.458
New Testament (Vulgate) 0.128
Old Testament (Geneva) -3.647
New Testament (Tyndale) -3.975
New Testament (ODRV) -4.918
New Testament (Geneva) -4.978
Old Testament (AKJV) -5.286
New Testament (AKJV) -6.029
Diversity: 0.952
Evenness: 0.928
Book Prominence
Deuteronomy (Geneva) 10.297
Deuteronomy (Douay-Rheims) 10.283
Deuteronomy (AKJV) 10.172
Psalms (Douay-Rheims) 3.511
Exodus (ODRV) 3.223
Daniel (Vulgate) 1.775
Daniel (ODRV) 1.624
1 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 1.513
Matthew (Vulgate) 1.465
Ezekiel (Douay-Rheims) 1.454
Wisdom (AKJV) 1.428
1 Samuel (AKJV) 1.368
1 Peter (ODRV) 1.327
Exodus (Geneva) 1.32
1 John (ODRV) 1.294
1 Peter (Tyndale) 1.263
2 Timothy (AKJV) 1.254
Genesis (ODRV) 1.253
Galatians (ODRV) 1.238
Exodus (AKJV) 1.222
1 Peter (Geneva) 1.199
Genesis (Geneva) 1.198
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 1.091
1 Peter (AKJV) 1.021
John (Geneva) 0.962
John (Tyndale) 0.95
Luke (Geneva) 0.936
Genesis (AKJV) 0.929
Romans (Tyndale) 0.866
Matthew (Geneva) 0.745
Matthew (Tyndale) 0.727
Psalms (ODRV) 0.686
Romans (ODRV) 0.622
Matthew (ODRV) 0.503
Romans (Geneva) 0.396
Matthew (AKJV) 0.377
Psalms (Geneva) 0.275
Romans (AKJV) 0.168
Psalms (AKJV) -0.377
Diversity: 0.97
Evenness: 0.948
Chapter Prominence
Deuteronomy 5 (Geneva) 7.86
Deuteronomy 5 (Douay-Rheims) 7.853
Deuteronomy 5 (AKJV) 7.836
Psalms 50 (Douay-Rheims) 2.63
Psalms 21 (Geneva) 2.612
Exodus 20 (ODRV) 2.589
Psalms 139 (AKJV) 2.578
Daniel 6 (Vulgate) 1.311
Ecclesiasticus 37 (Douay-Rheims) 1.308
1 Samuel 16 (AKJV) 1.306
Psalms 114 (AKJV) 1.305
1 Kings 16 (Douay-Rheims) 1.305
Ezekiel 3 (Douay-Rheims) 1.304
Wisdom 7 (AKJV) 1.304
Daniel 6 (ODRV) 1.303
Genesis 9 (Geneva) 1.291
Ezekiel 33 (Douay-Rheims) 1.291
Psalms 45 (AKJV) 1.285
Psalms 21 (AKJV) 1.282
Psalms 95 (AKJV) 1.282
Romans 16 (ODRV) 1.276
John 16 (Tyndale) 1.275
Luke 10 (Geneva) 1.275
Matthew 3 (Geneva) 1.274
Psalms 139 (Geneva) 1.271
Exodus 20 (AKJV) 1.269
Exodus 20 (Geneva) 1.268
Psalms 89 (Geneva) 1.268
Psalms 113 (ODRV) 1.266
Matthew 22 (Vulgate) 1.264
Romans 10 (Tyndale) 1.264
Galatians 1 (ODRV) 1.254
Genesis 9 (AKJV) 1.251
Genesis 2 (ODRV) 1.246
Genesis 1 (ODRV) 1.246
Romans 12 (Tyndale) 1.244
Psalms 89 (AKJV) 1.243
Psalms 126 (AKJV) 1.236
Matthew 22 (Tyndale) 1.234
John 1 (Geneva) 1.227
Matthew 3 (AKJV) 1.227
Matthew 22 (AKJV) 1.22
Romans 12 (Geneva) 1.201
1 John 3 (ODRV) 1.2
1 Peter 2 (ODRV) 1.193
Psalms 82 (AKJV) 1.188
2 Timothy 3 (AKJV) 1.185
1 Peter 2 (Geneva) 1.177
Matthew 5 (Geneva) 1.173
Romans 13 (ODRV) 1.168
1 Peter 2 (AKJV) 1.162
Romans 2 (Geneva) 1.149
1 Peter 2 (Tyndale) 1.145
Romans 13 (Tyndale) 1.143
Matthew 5 (ODRV) 1.092
Romans 13 (Geneva) 0.991
Romans 13 (AKJV) 0.955
Diversity: 0.974
Evenness: 0.954
Verse Prominence
Deuteronomy 5.17 (AKJV) 7.134
Deuteronomy 5.17 (Douay-Rheims) 7.134
Deuteronomy 5.17 (Geneva) 7.134
Psalms 50.1 (Douay-Rheims) 2.379
Psalms 21.1 (Geneva) 2.378
Exodus 20.13 (ODRV) 2.376
Psalms 139.21 (AKJV) 2.375
Ecclesiasticus 37.8 (Douay-Rheims) 1.19
Psalms 114.6 (AKJV) 1.19
Matthew 3.7 (Geneva) 1.19
Ezekiel 33.14 (Douay-Rheims) 1.19
1 Kings 16.9 (Douay-Rheims) 1.19
1 Samuel 16.12 (AKJV) 1.19
Exodus 20.13 (AKJV) 1.189
Exodus 20.13 (Geneva) 1.189
John 1.20 (Geneva) 1.189
Luke 10.36 (Geneva) 1.189
Ezekiel 3.19 (Douay-Rheims) 1.189
Psalms 95.5 (AKJV) 1.189
Genesis 9.6 (Geneva) 1.188
Psalms 89.13 (AKJV) 1.188
Daniel 6.21 (ODRV) 1.188
Psalms 45.16 (AKJV) 1.188
Romans 10.4 (Tyndale) 1.188
Psalms 114.7 (AKJV) 1.187
John 16.2 (Tyndale) 1.187
Psalms 89.20 (AKJV) 1.187
Psalms 21.5 (AKJV) 1.187
Daniel 6.21 (Vulgate) 1.186
Psalms 89.20 (Geneva) 1.186
Wisdom 7.29 (AKJV) 1.186
Romans 12.19 (Tyndale) 1.185
Psalms 139.21 (Geneva) 1.185
Matthew 5.22 (Geneva) 1.185
Genesis 1.16 (ODRV) 1.185
Psalms 21.2 (AKJV) 1.185
Psalms 139.22 (AKJV) 1.184
2 Timothy 3.6 (AKJV) 1.182
Romans 13.3 (ODRV) 1.182
Romans 12.19 (Geneva) 1.181
Psalms 21.1 (AKJV) 1.179
Psalms 126.1 (AKJV) 1.179
Romans 16.27 (ODRV) 1.174
Matthew 3.8 (AKJV) 1.174
Matthew 5.44 (ODRV) 1.174
Genesis 2.17 (ODRV) 1.173
1 John 3.15 (ODRV) 1.169
1 Peter 2.14 (AKJV) 1.167
Romans 2.6 (Geneva) 1.166
Matthew 22.21 (Tyndale) 1.166
1 Peter 2.13 (Tyndale) 1.165
1 Peter 2.13 (ODRV) 1.165
Psalms 113.9 (ODRV) 1.165
Matthew 22.21 (AKJV) 1.164
Galatians 1.5 (ODRV) 1.163
Romans 13.1 (ODRV) 1.157
Genesis 9.6 (AKJV) 1.155
1 Peter 2.13 (Geneva) 1.153
Matthew 22.21 (Vulgate) 1.151
Romans 13.5 (Geneva) 1.123
Romans 13.1 (Tyndale) 1.116
1 Peter 2.17 (Tyndale) 1.114
Psalms 82.6 (AKJV) 1.105
Romans 13.2 (AKJV) 1.086
Romans 13.1 (AKJV) 1.062
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 3.891
New Testament 3.534
Diversity: 0.953
Evenness: 0.995
Book Prominence
Lamentations 7.913
Judges 3.191
Titus 3.073
2 Kings 2.971
Daniel 2.91
1 John 2.856
1 Kings 2.814
James 2.769
Ezekiel 2.68
2 Samuel 2.645
1 Samuel 2.562
1 Peter 2.281
Exodus 2.236
Genesis 1.774
Proverbs 1.656
Luke 1.474
John 1.385
1 Corinthians 1.179
Isaiah 1.167
Romans 0.678
Matthew 0.619
Psalms 0.142
Diversity: 0.978
Evenness: 0.996
Chapter Prominence
Lamentations 4 3.984
Romans 13 3.326
Psalms 121 2.016
Daniel 1 2.014
2 Kings 11 2.012
2 Samuel 13 1.999
Psalms 21 1.991
1 Samuel 26 1.982
1 Kings 1 1.981
1 Samuel 16 1.979
Psalms 44 1.978
2 Kings 9 1.976
Ezekiel 22 1.973
Judges 9 1.973
Psalms 126 1.968
2 Samuel 7 1.966
Ezekiel 3 1.958
Daniel 5 1.949
Psalms 45 1.94
Daniel 6 1.936
Psalms 89 1.931
Psalms 139 1.93
Psalms 14 1.93
Psalms 118 1.921
Psalms 33 1.921
Isaiah 49 1.901
Psalms 18 1.899
Exodus 20 1.896
Daniel 4 1.89
Genesis 2 1.882
1 Corinthians 9 1.88
Genesis 1 1.876
Psalms 82 1.874
Romans 4 1.868
Matthew 3 1.867
Psalms 51 1.83
Proverbs 8 1.829
John 16 1.825
Psalms 50 1.822
Titus 3 1.802
Luke 10 1.792
James 1 1.79
Genesis 3 1.77
1 John 3 1.765
Romans 12 1.722
Matthew 5 1.553
1 Peter 2 1.535
Diversity: 0.981
Evenness: 0.997
Verse Prominence
Lamentations 4.20 3.464
Romans 13.1 3.199
2 Kings 11.21 1.754
Daniel 5.10 1.754
2 Kings 9.13 1.754
Daniel 1.10 1.754
Exodus 20.13 1.753
Luke 10.36 1.753
Daniel 6.6 1.753
1 Samuel 26.15 1.753
Psalms 18.34 1.752
1 Kings 1.34 1.752
2 Samuel 7.8 1.752
Psalms 89.22 1.752
Psalms 121.2 1.752
Ezekiel 22.12 1.751
Matthew 3.1 1.751
Psalms 118.14 1.751
Judges 9.2 1.751
Psalms 45.16 1.751
Psalms 44.6 1.75
Psalms 89.13 1.75
Psalms 14.7 1.75
Matthew 5.21 1.749
1 Samuel 16.1 1.749
Daniel 4.31 1.749
2 Samuel 13.28 1.748
Psalms 139.22 1.748
Genesis 1.16 1.748
Ezekiel 3.18 1.748
Romans 4.17 1.748
Psalms 51.14 1.746
Psalms 21.1 1.746
Psalms 89.20 1.746
Genesis 3.3 1.745
Psalms 33.9 1.745
Genesis 1.2 1.741
Psalms 126.1 1.741
1 John 3.15 1.74
Titus 3.10 1.738
Psalms 50.16 1.736
John 16.2 1.734
Psalms 139.21 1.734
Romans 12.19 1.731
1 Corinthians 9.16 1.731
Isaiah 49.23 1.714
Genesis 2.17 1.704
James 1.17 1.704
Romans 13.7 1.698
Matthew 5.44 1.696
Romans 13.5 1.693
1 Peter 2.17 1.681
Romans 13.2 1.64
Romans 13.4 1.639
1 Peter 2.13 1.598
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase