Early English Printed Sermons


Langford, George

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 16.4% 0.4%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 9.3% 0.4%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 80.9% 99.6%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 3.4% 0.4%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 1.2% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 15.4% 0.4%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 3.4% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 2.9% 0.4%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 1.2% 0.4%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 3.4% 0.4%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 2.9% 0.4%
foreign_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 1.2% 0.4%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text 1.2% -inf%
foreign_latin_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.7% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and italicized foreign text 1.2% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, an adjacent citation, and italicized foreign text 0.7% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.911
Evenness: 0.989
Part Prominence
Apocrypha (ODRV) 13.358
Old Testament (Vulgate) 5.34
Apocrypha (AKJV) 2.595
New Testament (Vulgate) 2.265
Old Testament (ODRV) 1.185
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) -0.452
Old Testament (Geneva) -1.511
New Testament (Tyndale) -1.838
New Testament (ODRV) -2.781
New Testament (Geneva) -2.841
Old Testament (AKJV) -3.149
New Testament (AKJV) -3.892
Diversity: 0.981
Evenness: 0.998
Book Prominence
Baruch (ODRV) 3.551
Zephaniah (Geneva) 1.758
Philippians (Vulgate) 1.747
Hebrews (Vulgate) 1.742
Joshua (Geneva) 1.725
Canticles (Douay-Rheims) 1.703
2 Chronicles (Geneva) 1.667
Psalms (Vulgate) 1.663
Canticles (Geneva) 1.648
4 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 1.613
2 Samuel (Geneva) 1.586
Canticles (AKJV) 1.582
Ezekiel (Geneva) 1.548
Daniel (Geneva) 1.54
2 Timothy (Geneva) 1.499
Wisdom (AKJV) 1.494
Ezekiel (AKJV) 1.461
1 Samuel (AKJV) 1.434
Galatians (Tyndale) 1.428
Deuteronomy (Douay-Rheims) 1.42
Jeremiah (Geneva) 1.393
Hebrews (Tyndale) 1.388
Exodus (Geneva) 1.386
Acts (Geneva) 1.342
1 Timothy (Geneva) 1.325
Genesis (ODRV) 1.319
Ephesians (Tyndale) 1.315
Genesis (Geneva) 1.264
Jeremiah (AKJV) 1.252
Ephesians (ODRV) 1.23
Acts (ODRV) 1.199
Job (Geneva) 1.124
1 Peter (AKJV) 1.087
Acts (AKJV) 1.077
John (Geneva) 1.029
Isaiah (Geneva) 1.018
Luke (Geneva) 1.002
1 Corinthians (Tyndale) 0.996
Genesis (AKJV) 0.995
Job (AKJV) 0.937
John (ODRV) 0.851
Matthew (Geneva) 0.811
Matthew (Tyndale) 0.794
Luke (AKJV) 0.771
Psalms (ODRV) 0.752
Isaiah (AKJV) 0.75
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.605
Romans (Geneva) 0.462
Matthew (AKJV) 0.443
1 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.407
Psalms (Geneva) 0.342
Romans (AKJV) 0.234
Psalms (AKJV) -0.311
Diversity: 0.988
Evenness: 0.997
Chapter Prominence
Baruch 1 (ODRV) 2.319
Psalms 129 (ODRV) 2.317
Psalms 29 (ODRV) 2.316
Psalms 41 (Vulgate) 1.161
Psalms 129 (Vulgate) 1.161
Philippians 4 (Vulgate) 1.16
2 Chronicles 33 (Geneva) 1.158
Joshua 10 (Geneva) 1.157
Genesis 5 (Geneva) 1.157
2 Samuel 23 (Geneva) 1.156
Exodus 8 (Geneva) 1.154
Canticles 3 (Douay-Rheims) 1.153
Jeremiah 14 (Geneva) 1.153
Genesis 37 (Geneva) 1.153
Psalms 41 (Geneva) 1.152
Wisdom 7 (AKJV) 1.151
Zephaniah 3 (Geneva) 1.151
4 Kings 21 (Douay-Rheims) 1.15
Ezekiel 33 (Geneva) 1.15
Deuteronomy 28 (Douay-Rheims) 1.15
Canticles 7 (AKJV) 1.148
Psalms 32 (Geneva) 1.148
Job 12 (Geneva) 1.146
Job 16 (AKJV) 1.146
Job 16 (Geneva) 1.146
Job 41 (Geneva) 1.146
Isaiah 13 (AKJV) 1.146
Psalms 84 (ODRV) 1.145
Acts 17 (Geneva) 1.145
Jeremiah 2 (Geneva) 1.145
Genesis 4 (Geneva) 1.144
Psalms 95 (Geneva) 1.144
Daniel 5 (Geneva) 1.142
Psalms 55 (Geneva) 1.142
Acts 9 (AKJV) 1.142
Hebrews 11 (Vulgate) 1.139
Matthew 21 (Geneva) 1.139
Genesis 4 (ODRV) 1.139
Luke 13 (Geneva) 1.139
1 Samuel 3 (AKJV) 1.138
Hebrews 9 (Tyndale) 1.137
Job 6 (AKJV) 1.137
Acts 9 (ODRV) 1.135
Jeremiah 2 (AKJV) 1.131
Canticles 2 (Geneva) 1.13
Ezekiel 33 (AKJV) 1.13
Daniel 6 (Geneva) 1.129
Jeremiah 8 (AKJV) 1.129
1 Corinthians 13 (Tyndale) 1.129
Psalms 95 (AKJV) 1.129
Acts 19 (AKJV) 1.128
Psalms 19 (Geneva) 1.127
Isaiah 40 (Geneva) 1.125
Genesis 2 (Geneva) 1.12
Jeremiah 9 (AKJV) 1.116
Acts 8 (AKJV) 1.115
Psalms 2 (Geneva) 1.114
Isaiah 53 (AKJV) 1.111
Galatians 2 (Tyndale) 1.109
Ephesians 2 (Tyndale) 1.108
John 19 (ODRV) 1.105
1 Corinthians 1 (Tyndale) 1.101
1 Corinthians 9 (Geneva) 1.1
Genesis 3 (AKJV) 1.098
Matthew 26 (AKJV) 1.096
Matthew 16 (Tyndale) 1.096
Matthew 13 (Geneva) 1.093
Matthew 10 (Geneva) 1.089
1 Timothy 4 (Geneva) 1.089
Ephesians 5 (Tyndale) 1.084
1 Corinthians 9 (AKJV) 1.08
Psalms 90 (AKJV) 1.075
2 Timothy 4 (Geneva) 1.074
Luke 12 (Geneva) 1.072
Luke 2 (AKJV) 1.057
John 6 (Geneva) 1.056
Romans 12 (Geneva) 1.048
Matthew 10 (AKJV) 1.043
1 Peter 1 (AKJV) 1.039
1 Corinthians 15 (Tyndale) 1.027
Ephesians 5 (ODRV) 1.024
Romans 5 (AKJV) 1.015
Matthew 5 (AKJV) 0.993
Diversity: 0.988
Evenness: 0.997
Verse Prominence
Baruch 1.13 (ODRV) 2.296
Psalms 29.9 (ODRV) 2.295
Psalms 129.7 (ODRV) 2.294
2 Chronicles 33.12 (Geneva) 1.149
Psalms 41.8 (Vulgate) 1.149
2 Samuel 23.15 (Geneva) 1.149
Matthew 16.15 (Tyndale) 1.149
Genesis 37.31 (Geneva) 1.149
Acts 9.11 (AKJV) 1.149
Exodus 8.30 (Geneva) 1.149
Acts 17.27 (Geneva) 1.149
Psalms 90.5 (AKJV) 1.149
Isaiah 13.22 (AKJV) 1.149
Deuteronomy 28.4 (Douay-Rheims) 1.149
Philippians 4.20 (Vulgate) 1.149
1 Corinthians 1.12 (Tyndale) 1.149
Hebrews 11.30 (Vulgate) 1.148
Matthew 21.19 (Geneva) 1.148
Job 12.21 (Geneva) 1.148
Acts 8.34 (AKJV) 1.148
Canticles 3.2 (Douay-Rheims) 1.148
Ezekiel 33.11 (Geneva) 1.148
1 Samuel 3.10 (AKJV) 1.148
Luke 13.7 (Geneva) 1.148
Daniel 6.12 (Geneva) 1.148
Acts 9.2 (ODRV) 1.148
Jeremiah 14.3 (Geneva) 1.148
Psalms 129.1 (Vulgate) 1.148
Joshua 10.12 (Geneva) 1.148
Jeremiah 2.28 (AKJV) 1.148
Jeremiah 2.28 (Geneva) 1.148
Genesis 5.27 (Geneva) 1.148
Psalms 95.7 (Geneva) 1.148
Psalms 95.8 (AKJV) 1.148
Zephaniah 3.6 (Geneva) 1.148
1 Corinthians 15.13 (Tyndale) 1.147
Isaiah 53.3 (AKJV) 1.147
Matthew 26.35 (AKJV) 1.147
1 Timothy 4.13 (Geneva) 1.147
Psalms 41.9 (Geneva) 1.147
Psalms 32.6 (Geneva) 1.147
Genesis 4.26 (Geneva) 1.147
Hebrews 9.7 (Tyndale) 1.147
Job 41.20 (Geneva) 1.147
Deuteronomy 28.3 (Douay-Rheims) 1.147
Romans 12.3 (Geneva) 1.146
4 Kings 21.20 (Douay-Rheims) 1.146
John 19.34 (ODRV) 1.146
Ephesians 5.7 (Tyndale) 1.146
Psalms 55.14 (Geneva) 1.146
Psalms 84.11 (ODRV) 1.145
Wisdom 7.29 (AKJV) 1.145
Ephesians 5.1 (ODRV) 1.145
John 6.68 (Geneva) 1.145
1 Corinthians 9.13 (Geneva) 1.145
Job 16.2 (AKJV) 1.145
Job 16.2 (Geneva) 1.145
Isaiah 40.17 (Geneva) 1.145
Matthew 13.46 (Geneva) 1.144
Daniel 5.6 (Geneva) 1.144
Genesis 4.13 (ODRV) 1.144
Canticles 7.11 (AKJV) 1.144
Acts 19.32 (AKJV) 1.144
Jeremiah 8.22 (AKJV) 1.144
Matthew 5.18 (AKJV) 1.144
1 Corinthians 13.1 (Tyndale) 1.144
Ezekiel 33.11 (AKJV) 1.144
Genesis 3.18 (AKJV) 1.144
Canticles 2.5 (Geneva) 1.142
Job 6.4 (AKJV) 1.142
Psalms 19.5 (Geneva) 1.141
Matthew 10.24 (AKJV) 1.141
Matthew 10.24 (Geneva) 1.141
Psalms 2.4 (Geneva) 1.14
1 Corinthians 9.13 (AKJV) 1.138
Genesis 2.10 (Geneva) 1.135
Luke 12.20 (Geneva) 1.135
2 Timothy 4.2 (Geneva) 1.134
Ephesians 2.4 (Tyndale) 1.133
Luke 2.10 (AKJV) 1.132
1 Peter 1.19 (AKJV) 1.128
Galatians 2.20 (Tyndale) 1.127
Jeremiah 9.1 (AKJV) 1.127
Romans 5.12 (AKJV) 1.095
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 3.891
New Testament 3.534
Diversity: 0.97
Evenness: 0.993
Book Prominence
Daniel 3.69
1 Timothy 3.247
Job 2.882
Jonah 2.076
Joshua 1.596
Zechariah 1.571
Leviticus 1.487
Hosea 1.292
Titus 1.289
2 Chronicles 1.279
2 Kings 1.188
Mark 1.164
1 John 1.073
2 Timothy 1.052
Numbers 1.046
1 Kings 1.03
Ezekiel 0.896
2 Samuel 0.861
1 Samuel 0.778
Galatians 0.769
Philippians 0.739
Revelation 0.597
Deuteronomy 0.528
Jeremiah 0.457
Exodus 0.453
2 Corinthians 0.352
Genesis -0.01
Hebrews -0.072
Luke -0.309
Acts -0.338
John -0.399
1 Corinthians -0.605
Isaiah -0.617
Romans -1.106
Matthew -1.165
Psalms -1.641
Diversity: 0.992
Evenness: 0.998
Chapter Prominence
Psalms 130 1.414
Job 10 1.387
Daniel 5 1.379
1 Timothy 3 1.281
Jeremiah 39 0.726
Isaiah 15 0.725
Jeremiah 19 0.718
Job 41 0.717
1 Samuel 5 0.715
Psalms 53 0.712
Hosea 1 0.706
Joshua 6 0.706
Isaiah 19 0.705
Revelation 8 0.704
Numbers 22 0.703
2 Kings 1 0.703
1 Samuel 28 0.702
2 Chronicles 33 0.7
Genesis 10 0.7
Job 16 0.7
2 Chronicles 26 0.699
Joshua 10 0.694
Exodus 5 0.694
Job 12 0.693
Jonah 1 0.692
Deuteronomy 30 0.692
Jeremiah 14 0.691
Zechariah 9 0.691
Psalms 95 0.691
Exodus 9 0.69
Isaiah 13 0.69
Jeremiah 51 0.686
Deuteronomy 5 0.685
2 Kings 4 0.682
1 Kings 13 0.682
Mark 12 0.681
Leviticus 10 0.681
Jeremiah 29 0.68
Job 6 0.678
Exodus 33 0.677
Genesis 8 0.676
Revelation 17 0.675
Exodus 2 0.674
Exodus 28 0.673
Psalms 44 0.672
Genesis 37 0.672
Job 4 0.672
1 Samuel 3 0.669
2 Samuel 23 0.668
Exodus 17 0.668
Hosea 14 0.667
Deuteronomy 29 0.667
2 Samuel 2 0.66
Psalms 137 0.657
Revelation 13 0.655
Exodus 4 0.654
Genesis 5 0.653
Revelation 6 0.65
1 Kings 22 0.65
Hosea 6 0.649
Jeremiah 6 0.647
Isaiah 38 0.645
Genesis 22 0.644
Matthew 2 0.643
Jeremiah 8 0.643
Deuteronomy 28 0.642
Psalms 32 0.639
1 Kings 19 0.637
Jeremiah 9 0.636
Daniel 6 0.631
Exodus 15 0.629
Psalms 14 0.625
1 Samuel 12 0.622
Ezekiel 33 0.621
Psalms 42 0.62
Deuteronomy 4 0.618
Luke 7 0.614
Acts 19 0.611
Isaiah 6 0.611
Isaiah 40 0.611
2 Corinthians 2 0.607
Hebrews 3 0.605
Genesis 19 0.604
Acts 12 0.6
Luke 15 0.6
Psalms 10 0.6
Matthew 20 0.597
Exodus 32 0.593
Psalms 19 0.584
Daniel 4 0.584
Acts 15 0.583
Luke 13 0.579
Matthew 27 0.578
Genesis 2 0.577
2 Corinthians 12 0.576
Galatians 1 0.576
1 Corinthians 9 0.575
Genesis 4 0.568
1 John 4 0.568
Titus 1 0.563
Luke 23 0.559
Acts 8 0.557
Genesis 49 0.556
Acts 9 0.552
Matthew 8 0.55
John 11 0.538
Acts 13 0.533
John 13 0.531
Romans 11 0.527
Matthew 21 0.524
Acts 4 0.522
1 Timothy 6 0.507
Matthew 22 0.497
Matthew 13 0.495
2 Timothy 2 0.491
1 Corinthians 13 0.49
Luke 10 0.486
John 5 0.476
1 Timothy 2 0.476
John 1 0.467
John 6 0.46
Acts 17 0.459
Romans 5 0.456
Luke 16 0.452
Isaiah 1 0.448
Luke 12 0.447
Acts 2 0.44
Matthew 26 0.4
1 Corinthians 1 0.4
Philippians 3 0.34
Matthew 5 0.248
Romans 13 -0.021
Diversity: 0.993
Evenness: 0.998
Verse Prominence
Job 10.17 1.34
2 Chronicles 33.6 1.336
Daniel 5.6 1.328
Mark 12.13 0.671
Jeremiah 19.10 0.671
Genesis 37.31 0.671
Job 41.20 0.671
Isaiah 15.2 0.671
Exodus 32.3 0.67
Acts 17.20 0.67
Hosea 6.9 0.67
Joshua 6.15 0.67
Revelation 13.16 0.67
1 Samuel 28.8 0.67
Jeremiah 14.3 0.67
Numbers 22.30 0.67
Genesis 22.24 0.67
Daniel 5.7 0.67
Exodus 5.3 0.67
Job 12.18 0.67
Job 4.16 0.67
Genesis 2.10 0.669
Acts 8.34 0.669
Jeremiah 39.18 0.669
Exodus 4.26 0.669
Genesis 4.23 0.669
Genesis 4.2 0.669
Genesis 49.17 0.669
Jeremiah 19.11 0.669
Numbers 22.28 0.669
1 Samuel 12.18 0.669
Luke 16.17 0.669
Daniel 5.1 0.669
Exodus 33.23 0.669
Deuteronomy 5.33 0.669
2 Samuel 2.18 0.669
Isaiah 13.22 0.669
Genesis 10.9 0.668
1 Timothy 3.7 0.668
Genesis 8.11 0.668
Matthew 2.9 0.668
2 Samuel 23.15 0.668
Matthew 26.50 0.668
1 Samuel 3.10 0.668
Acts 9.2 0.668
1 Samuel 5.4 0.668
Matthew 22.20 0.668
Jeremiah 29.12 0.668
Exodus 2.23 0.668
Exodus 9.28 0.668
2 Kings 1.10 0.668
2 Kings 1.12 0.668
Acts 13.11 0.668
Genesis 5.27 0.668
Zechariah 9.12 0.668
John 11.4 0.667
Daniel 6.8 0.667
Daniel 4.11 0.667
Revelation 17.9 0.667
1 Corinthians 1.4 0.667
Revelation 6.11 0.667
Psalms 95.8 0.667
Isaiah 13.21 0.667
Matthew 22.15 0.666
Psalms 42.7 0.666
Joshua 6.20 0.666
Luke 15.13 0.666
Psalms 130.1 0.666
1 Kings 13.6 0.666
Exodus 15.25 0.666
Psalms 53.1 0.666
Job 16.2 0.666
Hebrews 3.8 0.666
Deuteronomy 28.3 0.666
2 Chronicles 33.12 0.665
Acts 12.7 0.665
John 5.4 0.665
Jeremiah 51.9 0.665
Isaiah 38.14 0.665
Psalms 32.6 0.665
Jonah 1.5 0.665
Acts 4.31 0.665
1 John 4.12 0.665
Deuteronomy 30.19 0.665
Isaiah 40.17 0.665
Jeremiah 8.22 0.664
Hosea 14.3 0.664
Acts 9.11 0.664
Exodus 17.11 0.664
1 Corinthians 9.13 0.664
1 Kings 22.31 0.664
Psalms 95.7 0.664
Luke 10.30 0.663
Acts 8.23 0.663
2 Chronicles 26.19 0.663
Luke 13.7 0.663
2 Chronicles 26.16 0.663
Acts 17.27 0.662
Matthew 13.52 0.662
Exodus 28.34 0.662
Matthew 20.6 0.662
Leviticus 10.1 0.662
Daniel 5.5 0.662
Job 12.21 0.662
Deuteronomy 29.29 0.662
Psalms 19.5 0.661
Isaiah 1.24 0.661
Luke 23.42 0.661
Genesis 4.13 0.661
Matthew 21.19 0.661
2 Kings 4.40 0.661
John 6.68 0.661
Genesis 19.26 0.661
Philippians 3.2 0.66
Romans 5.20 0.66
Matthew 27.4 0.66
Genesis 19.11 0.66
Joshua 10.12 0.659
1 Timothy 6.16 0.659
Isaiah 6.2 0.659
Exodus 33.20 0.659
Matthew 13.46 0.658
Matthew 5.18 0.658
Job 6.4 0.658
2 Timothy 2.26 0.657
Psalms 137.1 0.657
1 Corinthians 1.12 0.657
Psalms 10.4 0.657
Psalms 42.1 0.656
Romans 13.13 0.656
Romans 13.14 0.656
John 1.18 0.655
1 Corinthians 13.1 0.653
John 1.1 0.653
Genesis 49.6 0.65
1 Timothy 3.15 0.649
Genesis 4.7 0.648
2 Corinthians 12.7 0.645
Ezekiel 33.11 0.64
Jeremiah 9.1 0.639
Luke 12.20 0.638
Psalms 14.1 0.637
Romans 11.33 0.633
2 Corinthians 2.17 0.626
Deuteronomy 4.1 0.621
1 Timothy 2.1 0.595
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase